nýrunum

Nýrunum is a term of Icelandic origin that translates to "kidney stones" in English. Kidney stones are solid masses made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. They can develop when urine becomes concentrated, allowing minerals to crystallize and stick together.

The formation of kidney stones can be influenced by several factors, including diet, body weight, medical conditions, and certain medications or supplements. Common types of kidney stones include calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine stones. Symptoms can vary widely depending on the size and location of the stone. Small stones may pass without causing any noticeable discomfort, while larger stones can cause severe pain, particularly in the back and sides, just below the ribs. Other symptoms may include pain radiating to the lower abdomen and groin, painful urination, pink or brown urine, cloudy urine, and nausea or vomiting.

Diagnosis typically involves a review of symptoms, medical history, and often imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasounds. Urine and blood tests may also be performed to identify the cause and composition of the stones. Treatment options depend on the size, type, and location of the kidney stone, as well as the severity of symptoms. For small stones, treatment may involve increased fluid intake and pain medication to help the stone pass naturally. Larger stones may require more invasive procedures like lithotripsy, which uses shock waves to break up the stones, or surgery to remove them. Prevention strategies often focus on dietary changes, such as reducing sodium and animal protein intake, and ensuring adequate hydration.