néphrostomie

A nephrostomy is a medical procedure where a catheter is inserted through the skin and into the kidney. This tube provides an alternative pathway for urine to drain from the kidney, bypassing a blockage in the urinary tract. The blockage could be caused by kidney stones, tumors, blood clots, or scarring. Without this drainage, urine can back up into the kidney, leading to swelling (hydronephrosis) and potential kidney damage.

The procedure is typically performed under local anesthetic and sedation. Using imaging guidance, such as ultrasound or fluoroscopy, a small incision is made in the back. A needle is then inserted into the renal pelvis, the part of the kidney where urine collects. A guidewire is passed through the needle, and the needle is removed. The nephrostomy tube is then advanced over the guidewire into the kidney. The tube is secured to the skin with a stitch or a specialized dressing.

Nephrostomy can be temporary or permanent. Temporary nephrostomy is often used to relieve pressure and allow the kidney to heal before or after surgery, or to manage acute blockages. Permanent nephrostomy may be necessary for individuals with chronic urinary tract obstruction or when other surgical options are not feasible. Complications, though uncommon, can include infection, bleeding, or dislodgement of the tube. Regular care and monitoring of the nephrostomy tube are essential to prevent these issues.