mylenkového

Mylenkového is a grammatical form in Czech—the genitive singular of the adjective relating to myelin. In scientific and medical contexts it appears in phrases such as "myelinového pláště" (of the myelin sheath). The root term refers to myelin, the insulating layer that surrounds many nerve fibers.

Myelin itself is a lipid-rich substance that wraps around axons in the nervous system. It is produced by different glial cells: oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. The primary function of myelin is to insulate axons and increase the speed of electrical signal transmission through saltatory conduction, where impulses jump between gaps called nodes of Ranvier.

Structure and distribution: Myelin forms multiple concentric membrane layers around a given axon. In the CNS, one oligodendrocyte can myelinate several axons, while in the PNS a single Schwann cell typically covers a single segment of one axon. Not all neurons are myelinated; many axons remain unmyelinated, particularly in the peripheral nervous system. The presence and integrity of myelin are essential for efficient neural signaling.

Clinical relevance: Demyelination—loss or damage to the myelin sheath—impairs nerve conduction and can lead to neurological deficits. Disorders such as multiple sclerosis (central) and Guillain–Barré syndrome (peripheral) illustrate the impact of myelin disruption. Remyelination can occur but is often incomplete, influencing recovery.

Etymology and usage: The term derives from Greek roots through Latin and Czech linguistic forms. In Czech texts, the standard adjective is "myelinový," with "myelinového" serving as a genitive form in context.