myelinový

Myelinový is a term that appears to be a Czech or Slovak adjective meaning "myelin" or "myelin-related." Myelin is a fatty insulating sheath that surrounds nerve fibers, specifically the axons of neurons, in the central and peripheral nervous systems. This myelin sheath is not continuous but is segmented, with gaps called nodes of Ranvier. The primary function of myelin is to increase the speed at which nerve impulses, or action potentials, travel along the axon. This is achieved through a process called saltatory conduction, where the impulse jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next, rather than propagating continuously along the entire length of the axon.

The myelin sheath is produced by specialized glial cells. In the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelinating multiple axons. In the peripheral nervous system (nerves outside the brain and spinal cord), Schwann cells myelinate individual axons. The composition of myelin is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins, with the lipid component providing its insulating properties. Disruptions to the myelin sheath, known as demyelination, can lead to a variety of neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, where the immune system attacks and damages myelin, impairing nerve signal transmission and causing a range of symptoms including loss of sensation, muscle weakness, and coordination problems. The term "myelinový" would therefore describe something possessing or relating to this crucial component of the nervous system.