mykorrhizalassosiasjoner

Mykorrhizalassosiasjoner, often shortened to mycorrhizae, are symbiotic relationships between fungi and plant roots. The term "mycorrhiza" literally translates from Greek as "fungus root." In these associations, the fungal hyphae extend from the plant roots into the soil, greatly increasing the surface area available for nutrient and water absorption. The plant, in turn, provides the fungus with carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis.

There are several types of mycorrhizal associations, with the most common being ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizae form a sheath around the root tip, and their hyphae penetrate the spaces between root cells. Endomycorrhizae, also known as arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), have hyphae that penetrate directly into the plant root cells, forming specialized structures called arbuscules where nutrient exchange occurs.

These associations are crucial for the survival and growth of many plant species, particularly in nutrient-poor soils. Fungi can access nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen that are often immobile in the soil and make them available to the plant. In return, the plant provides the fungus with essential sugars. This mutualistic relationship benefits both organisms, contributing significantly to plant health and ecosystem function.