muutunud

Muutunud is an Estonian word that functions as the past participle of the verb muutuma, meaning “to become” or “to change.” It expresses that a state has changed and is used both predicatively with the auxiliary olema (to be) and attributively as an adjective describing a changed condition.

As a predicative participle, muutunud forms part of tenses that indicate completion or result, for example, “Aeg on muutunud” meaning “The time has changed/has become different.” As an attributive adjective, it can describe a noun to convey the sense of “changed” or “altered,” as in “muutunud olukord” (the changed/altered situation) or “muutunud kliima” (changed climate).

Etymology and related forms: muutunud derives from the root muut- (“to change”) with standard Estonian participial suffixes. Related words include muutus (change) and the verb forms changing with different tenses and aspects, such as muutuma itself and its related participles.

Usage notes: Muutunud is common in everyday language, journalism, and scientific writing when referring to a state that has undergone change. It is used with a range of subjects, from natural phenomena to social and technological developments, and can occur in plain statements or in more formal, analytic contexts.

See also: muutus (change), muutuma (to become), muutua (alt. form related to becoming, depending on construction).