mutagenik

Mutagenik is a term used in genetics and toxicology to describe the property of substances, processes, or conditions that induce genetic mutations in organisms. In practice, mutagenicity is evaluated to understand the potential to alter DNA sequences, increase mutation rates, or cause chromosomal changes. The concept is central to basic research on genome stability as well as to risk assessment for chemicals, drugs, and environmental exposures.

Mutagens act by damaging DNA directly or indirectly and by interfering with DNA replication or repair. They can be chemical mutagens (such as alkylating agents and intercalating compounds), physical mutagens (such as ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation), or biological mutagens (such as mobile genetic elements and certain viral integrations). Some require metabolic activation to become mutagenic.

Assessment of mutagenicity is performed with various assays. The Ames test uses bacterial strains to detect mutations, while mammalian cell tests, the comet assay, and micronucleus assays can reveal DNA damage or chromosomal alterations in higher organisms.

Mutagenicity is a double-edged concept. It underpins basic research by creating genetic variants for study and crop improvement through induced mutagenesis, yet it also signals potential health risks from exposure to mutagens. Ethical and regulatory considerations guide its use in research and industry, focusing on exposure reduction and thorough risk assessment.

See also mutagen, mutagenesis, DNA repair, carcinogenesis, Ames test.