mutagenez
Mutagenesis (French: mutagénèse) is the process by which the genetic information of an organism is altered, resulting in a genetic variant. In biology, the term covers both spontaneous genetic variation and laboratory-induced mutations used to study gene function and biology.
Mutagenesis can occur spontaneously or be induced in the laboratory. Induced mutagenesis uses mutagens—agents that increase
Mutations arise through DNA damage or misreplication. Outcomes include base substitutions, insertions, deletions, and chromosomal rearrangements.
Methods and approaches include forward genetics (screening organisms for interesting phenotypes to identify corresponding genes) and
Applications of mutagenesis encompass functional genomics, model organism research, strain improvement in agriculture and industry, and
Safety and ethics: mutagenesis experiments are conducted under appropriate biosafety guidelines and regulatory oversight to minimize