multivesikuláris

Multivesicular body (MVB) is a type of endosome that plays a crucial role in the sorting and transport of proteins and lipids within cells. MVBs are characterized by their membrane-bound vesicles, which are formed by the inward budding of the endosomal membrane. This process is mediated by the ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) machinery, which includes several protein complexes that work together to recognize and package specific cargo for degradation or recycling.

MVBs are involved in various cellular processes, including protein degradation, lipid metabolism, and the regulation of cellular signaling pathways. They are particularly important in the immune system, where they are involved in the presentation of antigens to T cells and the clearance of pathogens. MVBs are also implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and certain types of cancer.

The formation and function of MVBs are tightly regulated by a variety of cellular factors, including Rab GTPases, which act as molecular switches that control the trafficking of vesicles between different compartments of the endocytic pathway. The ESCRT machinery is also regulated by a number of post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation, which allow for the fine-tuning of MVB formation and function in response to changes in cellular conditions.

In summary, multivesicular bodies are essential organelles that play a critical role in the sorting and transport of cellular components. Their formation and function are tightly regulated by a complex network of molecular and cellular factors, which ensure their proper function in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to changes in the cellular environment.