multiplicatoare

Multiplicatoare is a term used in Romanian to refer to devices or concepts that perform multiplication. In English, the corresponding term is multiplier. The word is used in electronics to describe circuits that produce a product of two input signals and in mathematics to describe operators or factors that scale quantities.

In analog electronics, a multiplier is a device whose output equals the product of two input signals. They enable modulation, demodulation, and signal processing tasks where a signal must be multiplied by another. Common analog architectures include the Gilbert cell, a four-quadrant multiplier built from transistors that can handle positive and negative inputs. Other implementations use transconductance or translinear circuits. Digital multipliers compute the product of two binary numbers using algorithms like shift-and-add or more advanced trees (Wallace/Wilkinson). Performance is described by linearity, bandwidth, input/output range, and noise; key specifications include offset, gain error, and signal-to-noise ratio.

Typical applications include amplitude and frequency modulation, phase-sensitive detection, vector and digital signal processing, communications RF front-ends, and control systems.

In mathematics, a multiplier can mean a function or operator that multiplies another function or variable, such as a multiplication operator M_f that maps g to f*g. The term also appears in algebra and analysis in broader senses, referring to a factor or scaling quantity in a product.