muistuttaen

Muistuttaen is the adverbial present participle form of the Finnish verb muistuttaa, meaning “to remind.” It is used to express the manner or circumstance of an action, roughly translating to “by reminding” or “reminding.” As a non-finite clause, muistuttaen typically accompanies a main clause and does not itself indicate tense; the surrounding verb provides the temporal context.

Formation and usage. The form is built from the verb stem muistutt- with the ending -en, yielding muistuttaen. It functions as an adverbial participle and is usually added after the main clause or at its end, set off by a comma in written Finnish. The implied subject of muistuttaen is normally the same as the subject of the main clause, although it can be clarified if needed (for example with itse or a direct object).

Function in text. Muistuttaen serves to describe how something is done or why something happens, by portraying reminding as the guiding action. It is common in formal or literary Finnish and can convey a sense of causation, emphasis, or ceremonial instruction without starting a new finite sentence.

Examples.

- Kouluttaja puhui rauhallisesti, muistuttaen osallistujia turvallisuusohjeista. (The trainer spoke calmly, reminding the participants of the safety instructions.)

- Ilta pimeni, muistuttaen meitä siitä, miten nopeasti aika kuluu. (The evening darkened, reminding us of how quickly time passes.)

- Hän kirjoitti muistutuskirjeen, muistuttaen asiakkaita laskun eräpäivästä. (He wrote a reminder letter, reminding customers of the payment due date.)

Related terms include muistutus (the reminder) and muistuttaminen (the act of reminding). Muistuttaen is a stylistic device best suited to descriptive or formal prose.