mouththroat

The mouththroat refers to the anatomical region where the oral cavity and the upper part of the throat meet, encompassing the mouth, the pharynx, and surrounding structures. It serves as the entry point to the digestive and respiratory systems and is involved in eating, speaking, and protecting the airway.

In the mouth, the primary components include the lips, teeth, gums, tongue, and the hard and soft palates. The floor of the mouth houses the tongue muscles and the salivary glands contribute saliva, which lubricates and begins digestion. The mucous membrane lining the mouth is rich in sensory receptors that help in tasting, sensing texture, and coordinating chewing and swallowing.

The pharynx is a multifold tube divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. The nasopharynx lies behind the nasal cavity, while the oropharynx and laryngopharynx connect the mouth and the larynx to the esophagus. The epiglottis helps direct food away from the airway during swallowing, and the larynx, including the vocal cords, participates in breathing, voice production, and airway protection.

Swallowing (deglutition) involves coordinated movements in stages: the oral preparatory and propulsion phases move a bolus toward the oropharynx; the pharyngeal phase protects the airway and guides the bolus into the esophagus; the esophageal phase uses peristalsis to transport the contents to the stomach.

Common issues can affect mouththroat function, including dental diseases, infections, ulcers, acid reflux, and cancers. Proper oral hygiene, hydration, and timely medical evaluation are important for maintaining health in this region.