montrés

Montrés is the masculine plural past participle of the French verb montrer, meaning “to show.” It appears in several grammatical roles: as the past participle in compound tenses formed with the auxiliary avoir, and as a participial adjective when describing masculine plural nouns. In addition, it marks agreement with a preceding direct object in certain constructions.

Etymology and form: Montrer derives from the Latin demonstrare, via Old French monstrer/monstrer, with the modern participle having the -é ending in masculine forms. The complete paradigm for the participle is montr é (masculine singular), montr ée (feminine singular), montr és (masculine plural), montr ées (feminine plural). The form montrés appears only when the direct object precedes the participle and is masculine plural.

Usage with avoir: In passé composé with the auxiliary avoir, the participle typically does not agree with the subject but may agree with a preceding direct object. For example: “Il a montré les chiffres” uses montr é because the direct object “les chiffres” follows the verb. If the direct object precedes the participle, agreement occurs: “Les chiffres qu’il a montrés” uses montrés (masculine plural) to reflect the preceding DO.

As adjective: Montrés can also function as an adjective describing a masculine plural noun, meaning “shown” or “displayed.” Examples include “résultats montrés” or “les éléments montrés dans le rapport.”

Notes: The form montrés is not a new verb form by itself; it is the past participle montr é adapted for masculine plural contexts where agreement with a preceding DO is required. The standard form montr é remains the unmodified participle in most direct-voice past constructions where no preceding DO triggers agreement.