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Mononucleosis, also known as "mono" or "mono shot," is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is highly contagious and typically affects children and young adults. The infection is characterized by the presence of atypical lymphocytes, or mononucleosis cells, in the blood. These cells are larger than normal red blood cells and have a distinctive appearance under a microscope.

Symptoms of mononucleosis usually begin 3 to 5 weeks after exposure to the virus and can last for several weeks. Common symptoms include fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, fever, and swollen tonsils. In some cases, a rash may also appear. The infection is usually self-limiting and resolves without specific treatment. However, in rare cases, it can lead to more serious complications such as chronic fatigue syndrome or lymphoma.

Mononucleosis is diagnosed through a blood test that detects the presence of atypical lymphocytes or the EBV virus itself. Treatment typically involves rest, fluids, and pain relievers to manage symptoms. In some cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed to shorten the duration of the illness.

Prevention of mononucleosis involves avoiding close contact with infected individuals and practicing good hygiene. Vaccines are not currently available for mononucleosis, but research is ongoing. It is important to note that mononucleosis is not sexually transmitted, although it can be spread through saliva and other bodily fluids.