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Monocalcium phosphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(H2PO4)2. It is one of the calcium phosphates, and it is also known as calcium dihydrogen phosphate. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water. Monocalcium phosphate is often encountered in its monohydrate form, Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O.

This compound plays a significant role as a leavening agent in baking. When combined with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and a liquid, it undergoes a chemical reaction that produces carbon dioxide gas. This gas causes dough and batters to rise, resulting in a lighter and fluffier texture in baked goods like cakes, cookies, and bread. It is typically used in conjunction with other leavening acids in baking powder formulations.

Beyond its culinary applications, monocalcium phosphate is also used as a dietary supplement to provide calcium and phosphorus, essential minerals for bone health and other bodily functions. It is found in some animal feed formulations as a source of these nutrients. In industrial applications, it can be used in the production of fertilizers due to its phosphorus content. Its properties make it a versatile compound with applications across food science, nutrition, and agriculture.