monofacial

Monofacial refers to a type of solar panel that has photovoltaic cells on only one side, typically the front. The rear side of a monofacial panel is usually made of a solid material like glass or a polymer backsheet. When sunlight strikes the front of a monofacial panel, it generates electricity. Light that reflects off the ground or surrounding surfaces can also reach the front of the panel, contributing to its power output, although this contribution is generally less significant than direct sunlight.

The installation and performance of monofacial panels are influenced by their surroundings. The albedo, or reflectivity, of the surface beneath the panels can impact the amount of light that is reflected back onto the panel's active surface. For instance, installing monofacial panels over a light-colored surface like white gravel or snow can lead to slightly higher energy yields compared to installation over dark soil. These panels are the most common type of solar panel and have been the industry standard for many years. They are known for their reliability and cost-effectiveness.