minéralocorticoids

Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. The primary mineralocorticoid in humans is aldosterone. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating electrolyte balance and water retention by acting on the kidneys. Specifically, they promote the reabsorption of sodium and water, while simultaneously increasing the excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. This action helps to maintain blood pressure, blood volume, and overall fluid homeostasis in the body. The synthesis and release of mineralocorticoids are tightly controlled by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which responds to changes in blood pressure and sodium levels. When blood pressure drops or sodium concentration decreases, the RAAS is activated, leading to increased aldosterone secretion. Conversely, high blood pressure or high sodium levels suppress aldosterone release. Imbalances in mineralocorticoid levels can lead to various health conditions, such as hyperaldosteronism, which can cause hypertension and hypokalemia, or Addison's disease, a deficiency in steroid hormone production that can lead to low blood pressure and electrolyte abnormalities.