mikrogliální

Mikrogliální refers to microglia, which are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They are considered the resident macrophages of the brain and spinal cord. Microglia play a crucial role in maintaining CNS homeostasis, responding to injury, infection, and disease. In a healthy brain, microglia are in a surveillant state, constantly monitoring their environment for changes. Upon activation, they undergo significant morphological and functional transformations. Activated microglia can adopt various phenotypes, ranging from phagocytic (clearing debris and pathogens) to pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Their activation is a complex process influenced by a variety of signals. Dysfunctional microglia have been implicated in a wide range of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Research into microglial biology is an active area of neuroscience, seeking to understand their precise roles and therapeutic potential in treating CNS conditions. Their involvement in both neuroprotection and neuroinflammation makes them a fascinating and important subject of study.