mikrofilmer

Mikrofilmer are photographic records stored on film at a reduced scale, used to preserve and archive documents with a smaller physical footprint. The term is used in Scandinavian languages for microfilms. They can be viewed with dedicated microfilm readers and, increasingly, scanned for digital access.

Common formats are roll microfilm (reels) in 16 mm or 35 mm and microfiche, flat cards containing numerous miniaturized images. Aperture cards—cards with punched holes and a microfilm frame—are another related format. Images are captured by microfilming cameras that project originals onto the film, creating a reduction that enables dense storage.

Historically, microfilm emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a method for long-term preservation and space saving. It was widely adopted by libraries, archives, government offices, and businesses for newspapers, legal records, and correspondence. While many institutions emphasize digital records today, existing microfilm collections remain active and are often digitized for access.

Preservation and access: Proper storage in cool, dry, dark conditions—typically in archival shelves or boxes—extends the life of microfilm. The media requires protection from heat, humidity, light, and handling. When degraded or obsolete equipment, microfilm can be digitized or re-filmed to ensure continued access.