mikroekonomika

Mikroekonomika is the branch of economics that analyzes the behavior of individual economic agents, such as households and firms, and their interactions within markets. It focuses on how these agents make decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources. Key concepts within microeconomics include supply and demand, which determine the prices and quantities of goods and services in a market. It also examines consumer theory, explaining how individuals make choices to maximize their utility given their budget constraints, and producer theory, which describes how firms decide on production levels and pricing to maximize profits.

The study of market structures is central to microeconomics. This includes perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly, each with distinct implications for prices, output, and efficiency. Furthermore, microeconomics delves into topics like externalities, public goods, and information asymmetry, which can lead to market failures. Understanding these microeconomic principles is crucial for analyzing individual economic decisions, the functioning of specific markets, and the potential for government intervention to improve economic outcomes. It forms the foundation for more complex macroeconomic analysis.