mikrobilääkeresistentin

Mikrobilääkeresistentti, often referred to as antimicrobial resistance (AMR), is a global health threat where microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to become resistant to antimicrobial drugs. This resistance means that the drugs that were once effective against these infections become less effective or completely ineffective. When microorganisms develop resistance, the infections they cause become harder to treat, leading to longer illnesses, increased hospital stays, higher healthcare costs, and greater mortality.

The development of resistance is a natural evolutionary process, but human activity significantly accelerates it. The overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in human medicine, agriculture, and veterinary practices are major drivers. For instance, using antibiotics for viral infections, which they cannot treat, or not completing the full course of prescribed antibiotics allows some microorganisms to survive and develop resistance. In agriculture, antimicrobials are sometimes used to promote growth or prevent infections in crowded conditions, contributing to the spread of resistance.

AMR poses a substantial risk to public health and global security. Without effective antimicrobials, common infections and minor injuries could once again become life-threatening. It also jeopardizes modern medical advancements such as surgery, chemotherapy, and organ transplantation, all of which rely on effective infection prevention and treatment. Addressing AMR requires a multi-sectoral approach, known as "One Health," involving coordinated actions in human health, animal health, and the environment. This includes improving antimicrobial stewardship, developing new drugs and diagnostics, and promoting infection prevention and control measures.