mikroaaltotaustasäteilyn

Mikroaaltotaustasäteily, often abbreviated CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background), is electromagnetic radiation that fills the universe. It is a relic radiation from the early universe, specifically from a time when the universe was about 380,000 years old and had cooled enough for protons and electrons to combine and form neutral atoms. This event is known as recombination or decoupling. Before this, the universe was an opaque plasma.

The CMB is remarkably uniform in temperature across the sky, approximately 2.725 Kelvin (-270.425 degrees Celsius). However, it does have tiny temperature fluctuations, on the order of parts per hundred thousand. These fluctuations are crucial for cosmology, as they represent the seeds of the large-scale structure of the universe, such as galaxies and clusters of galaxies, that we observe today.

The existence of CMB was predicted by George Gamow and his colleagues in the 1940s. It was accidentally discovered in 1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson while they were working on a microwave receiver. Their discovery provided strong evidence for the Big Bang theory and has since been extensively studied by various space missions, including COBE, WMAP, and Planck. These missions have mapped the CMB with increasing precision, allowing scientists to refine our understanding of the age, composition, and geometry of the universe. The CMB is a cornerstone of modern cosmology.