mikroökonómiával

Mikroökonómia is the branch of economics that studies the behavior of individual economic agents, such as households, firms, and markets, and their interactions. It focuses on how these agents make decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources. Key concepts within mikroökonómia include supply and demand, prices, elasticity, market structures, and consumer and producer surplus.

The fundamental principles of mikroökonómia are rooted in the idea of rational choice, where individuals and firms are assumed to act in their own self-interest to maximize their utility or profits. This involves analyzing how changes in prices affect the quantities of goods and services that consumers are willing and able to buy (demand) and that producers are willing and able to sell (supply). The interaction of supply and demand in a market determines the equilibrium price and quantity.

Mikroökonómia also examines different market structures, such as perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly, and their implications for efficiency and welfare. It provides tools to understand phenomena like market failures, externalities, and the role of government intervention in correcting them. Ultimately, mikroökonómia seeks to explain how individual decisions aggregate to form broader economic outcomes.