microthrombus

A microthrombus is a very small blood clot that forms within a tiny blood vessel, such as a capillary, arteriole, or venule. These clots are microscopic in size, often measuring only a few micrometers across. They can arise from various causes, including inflammation, injury to the vessel wall, or conditions that promote excessive blood clotting, known as hypercoagulability. Certain medical conditions like disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and even some infections can lead to the formation of microthrombi.

The presence of microthrombi can obstruct blood flow in the affected microvasculature, leading to reduced oxygen and nutrient supply to the surrounding tissues. This can result in localized tissue damage and dysfunction. Depending on the location and extent of microthrombus formation, symptoms can vary widely. For instance, microthrombi in the brain can cause neurological deficits, while those in the lungs might impair gas exchange. Diagnosis can be challenging due to their small size, often relying on characteristic findings in biopsy samples or through advanced imaging techniques in specific clinical contexts. Treatment typically focuses on addressing the underlying cause of clot formation and preventing further propagation.