með

Með is a common preposition in Icelandic meaning with. It is used to express accompaniment, instrument or means, and in many expressions to indicate manner or circumstance. In modern Icelandic, með governs the dative case: the noun or pronoun that follows is typically in the dative.

Usage examples and notes:

- Accompaniment: Ég er með þér (I am with you).

- Means or instrument in fixed phrases: Með hjálp lækna, meaning with the help of doctors.

- Idiomatic and set phrases: Með öðrum hætti (in a different way) and Með öðrum orðum (in other words). These demonstrate how með combines with common expressions to convey nuances beyond simple “with.”

Form and grammar:

- The following noun or pronoun is in the dative case when it follows með. Pronouns take their dative forms, such as mér, þér, honum, henni, okkur, yður, þeim.

- Með is one of several prepositions that can indicate means or accompaniment without requiring a separate instrumental case.

Etymology and cognates:

- Með comes from Old Norse með and is cognate with other Scandinavian prepositions meaning with (Danish med, Norwegian med, Swedish med). It reflects a shared Germanic heritage for indicating accompaniment, means, and manner.

See also:

- Common Icelandic prepositions and their case govern related to accompaniment and instrument.

- Fixed phrases using með, such as með hjálp, með öðrum hætti, and með öðrum orðum.