methotreksaatti

Methotrexate is a medication used to treat various conditions, including certain types of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and ectopic pregnancy. It belongs to a class of drugs called antimetabolites, which work by interfering with the growth of rapidly dividing cells. In cancer treatment, methotrexate inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA, thereby slowing down or stopping the proliferation of cancer cells.

For autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, methotrexate acts as an immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory agent. It reduces the activity of the immune system, which can be overactive in these conditions, leading to joint inflammation and skin lesions. The precise mechanism by which it exerts these effects in autoimmune diseases is still being researched, but it is thought to involve multiple pathways, including the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines.

Methotrexate can be administered orally, intravenously, intramuscularly, or intra-articularly, depending on the condition being treated and the dosage required. Due to its potent effects, it can have side effects, which may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mouth sores, fatigue, and hair loss. More serious side effects can affect the liver, lungs, kidneys, and bone marrow. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is essential during treatment to manage potential side effects and ensure the medication's effectiveness. It is crucial for patients to follow their doctor's instructions carefully and report any unusual symptoms.