metanogének

Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions. They are a domain of prokaryotes, specifically belonging to the Archaea kingdom. Methanogens are found in a variety of environments, including deep-sea hydrothermal vents, anaerobic sediments, and the digestive tracts of animals, particularly ruminants like cows and sheep, as well as humans. Their unique metabolism is characterized by the reduction of carbon dioxide or other simple carbon compounds to methane, using hydrogen as the electron donor. This process is crucial for the carbon cycle, as it converts organic matter in environments devoid of oxygen.

The biochemical pathways employed by methanogens are distinct from those used by other organisms and are often sensitive to oxygen, which is toxic to them. They can utilize various substrates for methanogenesis, including formate, acetate, and methyl compounds. Their role in natural ecosystems is significant, contributing to the decomposition of organic matter and the release of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Research into methanogens is important for understanding microbial ecology, biogeochemical cycles, and has potential applications in biotechnology, such as in the production of biogas.