mereväge

The term merevägi is Estonian for "navy" and refers to the maritime warfare branch of Estonia's armed forces. Established during Estonia’s first period of independence in 1918, it was disbanded during the Soviet occupation, only to be re‑established on 29 November 1992 after the country regained full sovereignty. In its current configuration, the Estonian Navy is responsible for protecting the nation’s maritime interests, securing the Baltic Sea, and contributing to NATO maritime operations.

The navy’s structure consists of several operational units, including the Maritime Special Forces, the Naval Training Centre, and the command of the Fleet. Today it operates a mix of coastal patrol vessels, fast attack crafts, mine countermeasure vessels, and support ships. These platforms, many of which are leased from partner countries or bought through joint procurement programmes, allow Estonia to conduct patrols, search and rescue, and humanitarian assistance missions. Estonia has also invested in small amphibious and coastal combat units that can operate in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Finland.

During the summer of 2023 the navy conducted a multi‑nation exercise in the Baltic Sea, demonstrating interoperability with allies such as Finland and Denmark. NATO membership has led to increased training and joint operations, cementing Estonia’s role as a forward‑detached maritime partner. Continuous efforts to modernise its fleet and capabilities aim to address contemporary maritime challenges, including unmanned systems and cyber warfare. With a modest size but dedicated focus on rapid response and sea‑border protection, the Estonian Navy remains a crucial element of national and regional security.