mellékveséket

Mellékvesék, also known as adrenal glands, are endocrine glands that sit atop the kidneys. Each adult kidney has two mellékvesék, one on each side. These glands are small, triangular-shaped, and play a crucial role in the body's endocrine system by producing and secreting hormones.

The mellékvesék are composed of two distinct regions: the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The adrenal cortex produces corticosteroids, which include glucocorticoids like cortisol, essential for regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress reactions. It also produces mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, vital for maintaining blood pressure and electrolyte balance, primarily sodium and potassium. Finally, the cortex produces small amounts of androgens, the precursors to sex hormones.

The adrenal medulla, on the other hand, produces catecholamines, namely epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). These hormones are central to the body's "fight-or-flight" response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supply in times of stress.

Disruptions in mellékvese function can lead to various medical conditions. Conditions like Cushing's syndrome can result from an overproduction of cortisol, while Addison's disease occurs with an insufficient production of corticosteroids. Tumors within the mellékvesék can also affect hormone production and lead to specific diseases. The hormones secreted by the mellékvesék are indispensable for regulating numerous bodily functions, highlighting their vital importance to overall health.