melléknévképzs

Melléknévképzés is a Hungarian linguistic term referring to the process of word formation that creates adjectives. This can occur through several mechanisms, primarily by adding suffixes to existing word stems.

One common method is the addition of adjectival suffixes to nouns. For instance, the suffix -i can be added to nouns to form adjectives indicating origin or belonging, such as "budapesti" from "Budapest." Similarly, suffixes like -s, -t, -tlen, -ékony, and -teljes are frequently used to derive adjectives from nouns, conveying qualities, possession, or lack thereof. For example, "fáradságos" (tiring) from "fáradság" (tiredness), or "színes" (colorful) from "szín" (color).

Adjectives can also be formed from verbs. Suffixes such as -ó/-ő and -t/-tt are commonly employed. The -ó/-ő suffix often creates adjectives describing an ongoing action or characteristic, like "olvasó" (reading) in "olvasó ember" (reading person). The -t/-tt suffix, when used adjectivally, typically signifies a completed action or state, as in "készült" (made) in "a készített torta" (the made cake).

Furthermore, adjectives can be derived from other adjectives, though this is less common and often involves subtle modifications or the use of intensifying or diminutive suffixes. Compounding, where two or more words are joined to form a new one, can also result in adjectival phrases or compound adjectives, though strict melléknévképzés usually focuses on suffixation. Understanding melléknévképzés is crucial for comprehending the richness and flexibility of Hungarian vocabulary.