megváltozó

Megváltozó (also known as Near-Earth Asteroid, or NEO) is a scientific term used to describe small bodies in the solar system that have a close proximity to Earth. These objects are typically smaller than planets and are part of the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

Megváltozó asteroids can be classified into three main categories: Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs), Near-Earth Comets (NECs), and Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs). NEAs have a perihelion (closest point to the Sun) distance of less than 1.3 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun. NECs are icy bodies that originate from the outer solar system and have a highly eccentric orbit, bringing them close to Earth.

PHAs, on the other hand, are NEAs that have a minimum orbital intersection distance (MOID) of less than 0.05 AU with Earth. This means that PHAs have a higher probability of colliding with Earth. The International Astronomical Union's Minor Planet Center (MPC) maintains a comprehensive catalog of megváltozó asteroids and comets.

The study of megváltozó objects contributes to our understanding of the solar system's formation and evolution. It also has significant implications for space exploration, asteroid mining, and protecting against potential asteroid impacts.

Notable megváltozó asteroids include Apophis, 16 Psyche, and Bennu. These objects have captured the attention of astronomers and scientists worldwide due to their close proximity to Earth and potential scientific significance.