markkinaasettelu

Markkinaasettelu refers to the process by which prices and quantities of goods and services are determined in a market economy. This occurs through the interaction of buyers and sellers.

In a perfectly competitive market, markkinaasettelu is driven by the forces of supply and demand. Demand represents the willingness and ability of consumers to purchase a good or service at various prices. Supply represents the willingness and ability of producers to offer a good or service at various prices. The equilibrium price and quantity are established at the point where the demand curve intersects the supply curve. At this equilibrium, the quantity demanded by consumers equals the quantity supplied by producers.

However, markets are rarely perfectly competitive. Imperfections such as monopolies, oligopolies, externalities, and information asymmetry can lead to market failures, where markkinaasettelu does not result in an optimal allocation of resources. In such cases, government intervention, such as regulation, taxation, or subsidies, may be employed to correct these failures and move the market closer to an efficient outcome. The specific mechanisms and outcomes of markkinaasettelu are a central topic of study in microeconomics.