malleolusksen

The malleolus is a bony prominence found at the lower end of the tibia and fibula, the two bones in the lower leg. These prominences form the ankle joint and play a crucial role in its stability and movement. The tibia, the larger of the two bones, has a medial malleolus on its inner side, while the fibula, the smaller bone, has a lateral malleolus on its outer side. Together, these malleoli act as a yoke, holding the talus, the bone that connects the lower leg to the foot, in place.

The malleoli are essential for ankle function. They provide attachment points for ligaments that stabilize the ankle, preventing excessive side-to-side movement. The medial malleolus is larger and contributes more to the stability of the ankle compared to the lateral malleolus. During walking, running, and other physical activities, the malleoli allow for the smooth gliding motion of the talus within the ankle mortise, which is the space formed by the malleoli and the lower end of the tibia.

Fractures of the malleoli are common injuries, often resulting from falls or twisting of the ankle. These fractures can affect one or both malleoli and can range in severity from simple breaks to complex dislocations. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the fracture and may involve rest, casting, or surgery to realign and stabilize the broken bone fragments. The term malleolus itself is derived from the Latin word for "hammer," referring to the hammer-like shape of these bony protrusions.