malabsorción

Malabsorption refers to a group of conditions where the small intestine is unable to absorb adequate amounts of nutrients from ingested food. This impaired absorption can lead to a deficiency of essential vitamins, minerals, fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Symptoms of malabsorption vary depending on the severity and specific nutrients affected but commonly include chronic diarrhea, steatorrhea (fatty stools), weight loss, abdominal pain, bloating, and fatigue.

The causes of malabsorption are diverse and can stem from problems within the small intestine itself, or from issues affecting the digestive process before food reaches the intestine. Intrinsic causes include conditions like celiac disease, Crohn's disease, tropical sprue, lactase deficiency, and short bowel syndrome. Extrinsic causes can involve the pancreas, such as pancreatic insufficiency, or the liver and gallbladder, where bile production or flow is compromised. Certain infections and medications can also contribute to malabsorption.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. These may include blood tests to check for nutrient deficiencies, stool tests to assess for fat or undigested food, and imaging studies like endoscopy or a biopsy of the small intestine to identify underlying conditions. Treatment strategies are tailored to the specific cause of malabsorption and often involve dietary modifications, enzyme replacement therapy, or addressing the underlying disease.