macroionen

Macroions are large charged molecules or particles. They are distinct from simple ions due to their significant size, often comprising many atoms or forming a complex structure. These entities carry a net electrical charge, which can be either positive or negative. The charge arises from the presence of an excess of ions, charged functional groups, or by the adsorption of smaller counterions onto their surface. Examples of macroions include proteins, nucleic acids, colloidal particles, and polymeric chains with charged units. Their behavior in solution is strongly influenced by their charge, size, and shape, as well as the properties of the surrounding medium, such as ionic strength and pH. Macroions play crucial roles in various biological and chemical processes, including molecular recognition, drug delivery, and the stability of colloidal dispersions. The study of macroions is fundamental to fields like biochemistry, polymer science, and colloid chemistry.