mýelínslíðruna

Myelínslíðruna, a term derived from Icelandic, translates to myelin sheath degeneration or demyelination in English. This refers to the damage or destruction of the myelin sheath, a fatty insulating layer that surrounds nerve fibers (axons) in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Myelin is crucial for the rapid and efficient transmission of electrical impulses along these nerves. When the myelin sheath is damaged, nerve signals can be slowed down, distorted, or completely blocked.

Demyelination can occur due to a variety of causes. Autoimmune diseases are a common culprit, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a well-known example of a demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system. Other causes can include infections, inflammatory processes, genetic disorders, and exposure to certain toxins.

The symptoms of myelínslíðruna vary widely depending on the location and extent of myelin damage. They can include sensory disturbances such as numbness or tingling, motor problems like weakness, spasticity, or difficulty with coordination, and cognitive issues such as memory problems or fatigue. In severe cases, demyelination can lead to significant disability. Diagnosis typically involves neurological examinations, imaging techniques like MRI, and sometimes nerve conduction studies or spinal fluid analysis. Treatment strategies aim to manage the underlying cause, reduce inflammation, and support nerve function and repair.