lépreuve

L'épreuve is a French noun with several related meanings centered on the idea of testing, trying, or proving something. It can denote a formal examination or practical test to verify ability or quality, as in the context of an exam, a competition, or a product’s compliance. It can also refer to a difficult experience or hardship that measures endurance, resilience, or character, such as an ordeal or a challenging period in life. In addition, épreuve can mean a proof or sample used to check accuracy or authenticity, notably in printing, publishing, or manufacturing.

Etymologically, épreuve comes from the verb éprouver, meaning to test or to prove, which itself derives from Latin experiri, “to try.” The noun appeared in Old French and has since acquired its current set of senses. The feminine form is épreuve, with the plural épreuves in most uses, and the related adjective éprouvé meaning proven or tested.

Usage and domains: In education, an épreuve is an examination or assessment. In everyday language, people speak of “passer une épreuve” or “surmonter une épreuve” to describe undergoing or overcoming a trial. In metallurgy and materials science, épreuves refer to tests that determine properties or authenticity. In publishing and photography, an épreuve is a proof sheet or test print used to check layout or image quality before final production. The expression épreuve du temps, or test of time, is common in literary and cultural contexts, signaling lasting value.

See also: éprouver, éprouvé, épreuve d’un métal, épreuve de résistance.