luftbränsleblandning

Luftbränsleblandning refers to the mixture of air and fuel within an internal combustion engine. The precise ratio of air to fuel is crucial for efficient combustion, power output, and minimizing emissions. This mixture is typically controlled by the engine's fuel injection system or carburetor.

There are generally three types of air-fuel mixtures: stoichiometric, rich, and lean. A stoichiometric mixture represents the ideal ratio where all the fuel can be completely burned with the available oxygen. In gasoline engines, this ratio is approximately 14.7 parts air to 1 part fuel by mass.

A rich mixture contains more fuel than is ideal for complete combustion, meaning there is insufficient oxygen. This can lead to increased power but also higher fuel consumption and unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust. Conversely, a lean mixture contains less fuel and more air than is stoichiometrically required. Lean mixtures generally improve fuel economy and reduce carbon monoxide emissions, but if too lean, they can cause misfires, increased nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, and potentially engine damage due to higher combustion temperatures.

Modern engines use oxygen sensors (lambda sensors) to monitor the exhaust gases and adjust the air-fuel mixture in real-time to optimize performance and emissions control according to varying operating conditions.