lubricantsand

Lubricantsand is a term used to describe the broad field of lubricants and related materials that reduce friction, wear, and heat in mechanical systems. It encompasses fluids, semisolids, and solids, and includes oils, greases, pastes, and dry lubricants such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide. The quality and performance of lubricants depend on base fluids, additives, and operating conditions.

Base oils are derived from mineral sources, synthetics, or bio-based feedstocks. Greases are lubricants thickened with soaps or other thickeners and formulated to stay in place under load. Dry lubricants such as graphite or solid lubricants like boron nitride are used where liquids are undesirable. Additives provide anti-wear, corrosion protection, oxidation resistance, and enhanced viscosity and stability.

Common applications span automotive engines and transmissions, industrial gears, bearings, turbines, and metalworking equipment. Selection depends on viscosity (for example, SAE grades), temperature range, load and speed, chemical compatibility with seals and metals, and resistance to oxidation and foaming. Maintenance practices emphasize cleanliness, proper storage, and adherence to recommended change or reapplication intervals.

Safety and environmental considerations include proper handling to minimize skin and inhalation exposure, containment to prevent spills, and compliant disposal. Many lubricants are formulated to be biodegradable or to minimize toxicity, but users must follow local regulations and manufacturer guidance. Standards and testing frameworks—such as viscosity measurements, oxidation stability, and compatibility tests—guide formulation and selection in industrial and consumer contexts.