lithiumnikkelmangaanzwavelvrije

Lithiumnickel materials refer to compounds containing lithium and nickel, most notably lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2) and nickel-containing layered oxides used as cathodes in lithium-ion batteries.

LiNiO2 attracted early interest for high capacity because nickel participates in the Ni2+/Ni3+ redox couple. However, the material suffers from poor cycling stability, sensitivity to moisture, and structural distortions during cycling, which limit its practical use in commercial cells.

To improve performance, researchers substitute part of nickel with other metals to form layered oxides with the general formula LiNixMyMzO2. The most common variants are nickel-manganese-cobalt oxides (NMC or LiNixMnyCozO2) and nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxides (NCA). Increasing nickel content raises theoretical capacity and energy density but reduces thermal stability and cycle life. Doping with manganese and/or aluminum helps stabilize the structure and improves cycle performance, while cobalt enhances conductivity and rate capability but raises cost and ethical concerns. Synthesis and surface coatings also mitigate reactivity with the electrolyte.

Applications of these nickel-containing cathodes are widespread in modern lithium-ion batteries for portable electronics and electric vehicles. Commercial chemistries emphasize precise stoichiometry, particle morphology, and protective coatings to enhance safety and longevity. Ongoing research aims to optimize nickel content, balance energy density with stability, and address supply-chain and environmental considerations.

In summary, the term lithiumnickel covers a family of materials whose properties depend on composition and processing, with LiNiO2 as a historical reference and Ni-containing layered oxides as current workhorses in energy storage.