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lingvistik

Lingvistik, the term used in Estonian and several other languages for linguistics, is the scientific study of language as a system of communication. Its primary aim is to understand the structure, use, and evolution of linguistic forms across time and space. Linguistic research investigates sound patterns (phonology), word form and meaning (morphology), sentence structure (syntax), and language function and context (pragmatics). The discipline also examines how language is processed by the mind (psycholinguistics) and how it is represented in the brain (neurolinguistics).

The modern discipline emerged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, inspired by earlier comparative

Contemporary linguistics has diversified into many subfields, including sociolinguistics, historical linguistics, computational linguistics, and language acquisition.

Lingvistik plays a central role in understanding human cognition and communication. Its insights contribute to teaching

studies
of
Indo-European
languages
and
by
the
work
of
linguists
such
as
Ferdinand
de
Saussure,
who
introduced
structuralism,
and
Ferdinand
de
Saussure.
Saussure’s
distinction
between
langue
(the
abstract
system)
and
parole
(individual
speech
acts)
laid
the
groundwork
for
formal
descriptions
of
linguistic
phenomena.
Meanwhile,
the
Prague
School
advanced
the
idea
of
functional
design
of
syntactic
structures,
emphasizing
how
social
and
informational
factors
shape
language.
Sociolinguistics
studies
how
language
variation
reflects
and
reinforces
social
identities.
Historical
linguistics
reconstructs
the
ancestry
of
languages
and
traces
shifts
in
phonology
and
grammar.
Computational
linguistics
applies
algorithms
to
model
and
analyze
linguistic
data,
influencing
natural
language
processing
technology.
language,
preserving
endangered
languages,
improving
artificial
intelligence,
and
informing
linguistic
policy
and
planning.
Despite
the
variety
of
approaches,
linguists
continue
to
share
a
commitment
to
systematic
inquiry
and
the
rigorous
documentation
of
the
patterns
that
underpin
all
human
languages.