lingvistice

Lingvistice is the scientific study of language and its properties, including structure, use, acquisition, and variation. It investigates phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, as well as discourse, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, historical linguistics, typology, and computational linguistics. It uses a range of methods, from descriptive fieldwork and corpus analysis to experimental studies, formal modeling, and computational simulations. Data sources include recordings, texts, and language corpora.

Historically, linguistics emerged from grammar and philology and developed through structuralist and formal traditions. The generative revolution of the mid-20th century, led by Noam Chomsky, reshaped theories of structure and mental representation, while later decades saw the growth of sociolinguistics, cognitive linguistics, and corpus-based approaches. The field now spans diverse languages and communities and emphasizes documentation, variation, and interdisciplinary cooperation.

Applications of linguistics include language teaching and policy, literacy development, and the documentation of endangered languages, as well as advances in natural language processing, speech recognition, and AI-assisted linguistics. Ethical considerations, data sharing, and community involvement are increasingly central to research and implementation.

Notable figures associated with the broader field of linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure, Noam Chomsky, Leonard Bloomfield, William Labov, and M. A. K. Halliday. Lingvistice, as a discipline, thus encompasses theoretical analysis, empirical study, and practical applications that explore how language functions in human societies.