liitiumraudfosfaati

Liitiumraudfosfaat, often abbreviated as LFP, is a cathode material used in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Its chemical formula is LiFePO4. This material is known for its safety, long cycle life, and relatively low cost compared to other lithium-ion battery chemistries such as lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) or lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC).

LFP batteries offer good thermal stability, meaning they are less prone to thermal runaway, a significant safety advantage. They also exhibit a long lifespan, capable of enduring thousands of charge and discharge cycles with minimal degradation. Economically, the absence of cobalt, a relatively expensive and ethically sourced metal, contributes to LFP's lower production cost.

However, LFP batteries typically have a lower energy density than some other lithium-ion technologies. This means that for a given weight or volume, they store less energy. This can be a limiting factor for applications where maximizing energy storage in a compact space is crucial, such as in some electric vehicles. Despite this, LFP batteries are widely used in applications where safety and longevity are paramount, including electric buses, energy storage systems for renewable energy, and some consumer electronics. The olivine crystal structure of LFP provides a stable framework for lithium-ion intercalation and deintercalation.