liitiumoksiid

Lithium oxide (Li2O) is an inorganic compound and the oxide of lithium. It is a white, highly hygroscopic solid that forms when lithium metal or lithium-containing compounds are burned in air or in oxygen.

It is a strongly basic oxide that reacts with water to form lithium hydroxide (LiOH). It reacts with acids to form lithium salts. It readily absorbs carbon dioxide to form lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), and in air may slowly hydrate on the surface.

Crystal structure: Li2O crystallizes in the antifluorite structure, with oxide ions forming an fcc lattice and lithium ions occupying tetrahedral holes.

Preparation and occurrence: Industrial production is by burning metallic lithium in oxygen. It can also be formed by the decomposition of lithium peroxide (Li2O2) upon heating.

Uses: In glass and ceramics, Li2O acts as a flux, lowering melting temperatures and improving glaze properties. It also serves as a precursor to lithium-containing compounds used in ceramics and glass manufacturing.

Safety and handling: It is strongly basic and reacts vigorously with water and moisture. It should be handled under dry conditions with appropriate protective equipment and stored in a sealed, moisture-free container away from acids.

Occurrence: Lithium oxide does not occur as a distinct mineral; it is produced commercially as a chemical reagent and intermediate for various lithium compounds.