leukocyták

Leukocyták, commonly known as white blood cells or leukocytes, are a crucial component of the immune system. They are produced in the bone marrow and circulate throughout the body in the blood and lymph. Their primary function is to defend the body against infection and disease. Leukocytes play a vital role in identifying and destroying pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as eliminating abnormal or cancerous cells.

There are several different types of leukocytes, each with specialized roles. Neutrophils are the most abundant type and are important for engulfing and destroying bacteria. Lymphocytes include B cells, which produce antibodies, and T cells, which can directly kill infected cells or regulate the immune response. Monocytes are large cells that can differentiate into macrophages, which are powerful phagocytes that engulf cellular debris and pathogens. Eosinophils and basophils are involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasites.

The number of leukocytes in the blood can vary depending on a person's health status. An elevated white blood cell count, known as leukocytosis, can indicate an infection or inflammation. Conversely, a low white blood cell count, or leukopenia, can weaken the immune system and make an individual more susceptible to infections.