lemeztektonikát

Lemeztektonika is the scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the multitude of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere. The lithosphere, which is the rigid outer part of the Earth, consists of the crust and the uppermost mantle. These plates float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. The movement of these plates is driven by convection currents in the Earth's mantle.

The interactions between these tectonic plates at their boundaries are responsible for many of the Earth's geological features and phenomena. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform. At divergent boundaries, plates move away from each other, leading to the formation of new crust, such as at mid-ocean ridges. Convergent boundaries occur where plates collide. If an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, the denser oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate, creating volcanic mountain ranges. When two continental plates collide, neither subducts, resulting in the formation of massive mountain ranges like the Himalayas. Transform boundaries are where plates slide past each other horizontally, causing earthquakes.

The theory of lemeztektonika explains the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes, the formation of mountain belts, the creation of ocean basins, and the past and present configuration of continents. It is a fundamental concept in geology and geophysics, providing a unifying framework for understanding the dynamic processes of the Earth.