legitimationen

Legitimationen is a German term with two related meanings. In sociology, politics, and organization studies, it refers to the process by which power, institutions, or norms are made to appear legitimate, as well as the justification or rationale that underpins that legitimacy. The concept focuses on why people accept authorities, laws, or practices as appropriate, rather than merely on whether they are effective. A classic reference is Max Weber, who distinguished traditional, charismatic, and legal‑rational forms of legitimacy. Modern theories emphasize legitimacy as a dynamic relationship between authorities and publics, influenced by legality, moral justification, performance, and public support. Legitimations can be contested, loosened, or restored through reform, communication, or changes in outcomes, and legitimacy crises can arise when expectations are unmet.

In administrative and practical usage, Legitimationen can denote credentials or documents that prove identity or authority. This sense covers items or sets of documents used to establish eligibility, right, or representation, such as identification papers, permits, or powers of attorney. The term is common in German bureaucratic language to describe the accompanying proofs presented in legal or administrative procedures. The exact types of documents included as Legitimationen vary by jurisdiction and context, but the underlying idea is to confirm who a person is, what they are allowed to do, or whose interests they represent.