leenmannen

Leenmannen were feudal vassals in the historical context of the Low Countries, particularly during the medieval period. The term refers to individuals who held land or fiefs from a higher-ranking lord in exchange for loyalty and service. This system was fundamental to the social and political structure of what is now the Netherlands, Belgium, and surrounding regions from approximately the 9th to the 15th centuries.

The relationship between a leenman and his lord was formalized through a ceremony where the vassal would swear an oath of fealty, promising military support, counsel, and other forms of allegiance. In return, the lord granted the use of land and resources, which could be inherited by the vassal's heirs under certain conditions.

The hierarchical nature of the leenmannen system created a complex network of obligations and dependencies that underpinned medieval governance. As central authority strengthened over time, the traditional feudal system gradually evolved, though its influence persisted in various forms well into the early modern period. The concept remains significant for understanding medieval Dutch and Flemish society and the development of property rights in the region.