laryngiitin

Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx, the organ responsible for voice production and protection of the airway. Acute laryngitis is common and often affects people who have recently had a cold or upper respiratory infection. It can result from viral infections, bacterial infections in some cases, overuse or misuse of the voice, exposure to irritants such as smoke or pollution, or gastroesophageal reflux.

Symptoms typically include hoarseness or loss of voice, throat discomfort, a tickling sensation, coughing, and sometimes fever or malaise. Voice changes can be temporary, and in most cases voice quality improves as the underlying cause resolves. Chronic laryngitis persists for weeks or longer and may be related to ongoing irritants, such as smoking, voice abuse, reflux, allergies, or certain medical conditions.

Diagnosis is usually based on medical history and a physical exam. Laryngoscopy, a procedure to visualize the vocal cords, may be used if persistent symptoms occur or to exclude other conditions such as nodules, polyps, or tumors.

Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and addressing the underlying cause. Voice rest, adequate hydration, humidified air, and analgesics or antipyretics as needed are common. Antibiotics are not routinely used for acute viral laryngitis but may be prescribed if a bacterial infection is suspected. Chronic or recurrent laryngitis requires evaluation and management of contributing factors, such as smoking cessation, reflux treatment, allergy control, or voice therapy.

Most people recover within one to two weeks, though chronic cases may require longer management and follow-up. Prevention involves avoiding irritants, limiting vocal strain, staying hydrated, and treating infections promptly.