laringofarínge

Laringofaringe refers to the lower part of the pharynx, extending from the superior aspect of the epiglottis down to the inferior margin of the cricoid cartilage. It is a crucial anatomical region involved in both respiration and deglutition. Anatomically, it is divided into two main parts: the hypopharynx and the larynx. The hypopharynx, also known as the laryngopharynx, is the area posterior to the larynx. It comprises three distinct regions: the piriform sinuses, the posterior pharyngeal wall, and the pharyngeal aspect of the larynx. The piriform sinuses are bilateral depressions located lateral to the larynx. The larynx, or voice box, is situated anterior to the hypopharynx and is primarily responsible for voice production and protecting the airway.

The laringofaringe plays a vital role in the process of swallowing. During deglutition, the food bolus is propelled from the oral cavity into the pharynx. The muscles of the pharynx contract to move the bolus inferiorly, passing through the hypopharynx and into the esophagus. The epiglottis folds down to cover the laryngeal inlet, preventing food from entering the airway. The laringofaringe is also involved in breathing, as it serves as a passage for air to move from the nasal cavity and oral cavity to the larynx and lungs.

Diseases affecting the laringofaringe can include infections, inflammatory conditions, benign and malignant tumors. Symptoms may vary depending on the specific condition but can include difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), hoarseness, a sensation of a lump in the throat, and pain. Diagnosis often involves physical examination, imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, and biopsy for histological confirmation. Treatment approaches depend on the underlying pathology and may involve medication, radiation therapy, surgery, or a combination of these modalities.